古诗英文翻译及清明习俗知识

古诗英文翻译及清明习俗知识

　　清明节气在时间和天气物侯特点上为清明节俗的形成提供了重要条件，该节气被看作清明节的源流之一。以下是PINCAI小编整理的清明节古诗英文翻译及清明习俗知识，欢迎阅读参考!

　　古诗英文版

　　《清明》

　　(唐)杜牧

　　清明时节雨纷纷，路上行人欲断魂。

　　借问酒家何处有?牧童遥指杏花村。

　　吴钧陶英译(韵式aaba)

　　It drizzles thick and fast on the Pure Brightness Day,I travel with my heart lost in dismay.

　　"Is there a public house somewhere, cowboy?"

　　He points at Apricot Village faraway.

　　许渊冲英译(韵式aabb)

　　A drizzling rain falls like tears on the Mourning Day;

　　The mourners heart is going to break on his way.

　　Where can a wineshop be found to drown his sad hours?

　　A cowherd points to a cot mid apricot flowers.

　　孙大雨英译(韵式aaba)

　　Upon the Clear-and-Bright Feast of spring, the rain drizzleth down in spray.

　　Pedestrians on countryside ways, in gloom are pinning away.

　　When asked "Where a tavern fair for rest, is hereabouts to be found",The shepherd boy the Apricot Bloom Vill, doth point to afar and say.

　　杨宪益、戴乃迭英译(无韵译法)

　　It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring,Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable.

　　When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern,He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.

　　万昌盛、王中英译(韵式aabb)

　　The ceaseless drizzle drips all the dismal day,So broken-hearted fares the traveler on the way.

　　When asked where could be found a tavern bower,A cowboy points to yonder village of the apricot flower.

　　吴伟雄英译(韵式aabb)

　　It drizzles thick and fast on the Mourning Day,The mourners heart is going to break on his way.

　　When asked for a wineshop to drown his sad hours?

　　A cowboy points to a hamlet amid apricot flowers.

　　蔡廷干英译(韵式aabb)

　　The rain falls thick and fast on All Souls Day,The men and women sadly move along the way.

　　They ask where wineshops can be found or where to rest ——And there the herdboys fingers Almond-Town suggest.

　　风俗习惯

　　荡秋千

　　这是中国古代清明节习俗。秋千，意即揪着皮绳而迁移。它的历史很古老，最早叫千秋，后为了避忌讳，改之为秋千。古时的秋千多用树桠枝为架，再拴上彩带做成。后来逐步发展为用两根绳索加上踏板的秋千。荡秋千不仅可以增进健康，而且可以培养勇敢精神，至今为人们特别是儿童所喜爱。

　　踏青

　　踏青又叫春游。古时叫探春、寻春等。四月清明，春回大地，自然界到处呈现一派生机勃勃的景象，正是郊游的大好时光。

　　植树

　　清明前后，春阳照临，春雨飞洒，种植树苗成活率高，成长快。因此，自古以来,中国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作“植树节”。植树风俗一直流传至今。

　　清明节植树的习俗，发端于清明戴柳插柳的风俗。关于清明戴柳插柳，有三种传说。最古老的传说，是说为了纪念教民稼穑耕作的祖师—神农氏，后来由此发展出祈求长寿的意蕴。再晚点的传说与介子推有关。据说晋文公率众臣登山祭奠介子推时，发现介子推死前曾经靠过的老柳树死而复活，便赐老柳树为“清明柳”。更晚点的传说是唐太宗给大臣柳圈，以示赐福驱疫。

　　放风筝

　　放风筝也是清明时节人们所喜爱的活动。每逢清明时节，人们不仅白天放，夜间也放。夜里在风筝下或风稳拉线上挂上一串串彩色的小灯笼，像闪烁的明星，被称为“神灯”。过去，有的人把风筝放上蓝天后，便剪断牵线，任凭清风把它们送往天涯海角，据说这样能除病消灾，给自己带来好运。

　　扫墓

　　清明扫墓，谓之对祖先的“思时之敬”，其习俗由来已久。明《帝京景物略》载：

　　“三月清明日，男女扫墓，担提尊榼，轿马后挂楮锭，粲粲然满道也。拜者、酹者、哭者、为墓除草添土者，焚楮锭次，以纸钱置坟头。望中无纸钱，则孤坟矣。哭罢，不归也，趋芳树，择园圃，列坐尽醉。”其实，扫墓在秦以前就有了，但不一定是在清明之际，清明扫墓则是秦以后的事。到唐朝才开始盛行。《清通礼》云：“岁，寒食及霜降节，拜扫圹茔，届期素服诣墓，具酒馔及芟剪草木之器，周胝封树，剪除荆草，故称扫墓。”并相传至今。

　　戴柳

　　清明戴柳，有将柳枝编成圆圈戴在头上者，也有将嫩柳枝刮结成花朵而插于头髻者，还有直接将柳枝插于头髻者。明朝田汝成《西湖游览志余》提到，清明时节“家家插柳满檐，青茜可爱，男女或戴之”。

　　清朝戴柳，在我国大部分地区都是为辟邪之用，但在一些地方有纪年华之义，有所谓“清明不戴柳，红颜成皓首”之说。这种习俗是宋代“寒食”冠礼的遗存。宋代将男女成年行冠礼的时间统一定在“寒食”节，而不论生时年月，“凡官民不论大、小家，子女未冠笄者，以此日上头。”(《梦梁录》)戴柳即为成年标志。据此，后世便有“纪年华”之遗俗，并演化成妇女戴柳球于鬓畔以祈红颜永驻的习俗。在此，青青春柳，又有象征青春之义。时值春季妇女戴柳，则表现出对青春年华的珍惜与留恋。

　　黄巢起义时规定，还曾以“清明为期，戴柳为号”。

　　射柳

　　射柳：这也是一项时尚高雅的活动。在细长摇曳的柳枝上，拴上一缕红绸，即是被射的目标。大多是青年男子，骑马挽弓，在百步以外，用特制的前头分杈的箭，射断那枝柳条，待柳条落地之前，飞马前往，将柳条接住。是考验骑射真功夫的一项运动。

　　斗鸡

　　古代清明盛行斗鸡游戏，斗鸡由清明开始，斗到夏至为止。中国最早的斗鸡记录，见于《左传》。到了唐代，斗鸡成风，不仅是民间斗鸡，连皇上也参加斗鸡。如唐玄宗最喜斗鸡。

　　蚕花会

　　“蚕花会”是蚕乡一种特有的民俗文化，过去清明节期间，梧桐、乌镇、崇福、洲泉等地都有此项民俗活动。其中以洲泉的马鸣庙和青石的双庙诸的蚕花会最为精彩隆重。马鸣庙位于洲泉镇西，在当地有“庙中之王”之称，每年蚕花会人山人海，活动频繁，有迎蚕神、摇快船、闹台阁、拜香凳、打拳、龙灯、翘高竿、唱戏文等十多项活动。这些活动有的在岸上进行，绝大多数在船上进行，极具水乡特色。

　　节令食品

　　由于寒食节与清明节合二为一的关系，一些地方还保留着清明节吃冷食的习惯。在山东，即墨吃鸡蛋和冷饽饽，莱阳、招远、长岛吃鸡蛋和冷高粱米饭，据说不这样的话就会遭冰雹。泰安吃冷煎饼卷生苦菜，据说吃了眼睛明亮。晋中一带还保留着清明前一日禁火的习惯。

　　很多地方在完成祭祀仪式后，将祭祀食品分吃。晋南人过清明时，习惯用白面蒸大馍，中间夹有核桃、枣儿、豆子，外面盘成龙形，龙身中间扎一个鸡蛋，名为“子福”。要蒸一个很大的总“子福”，象征全家团圆幸福。上坟时，将总“子福”献给祖灵，扫墓完毕后全家分食之。上海旧俗，用柳条将祭祀用过的蒸糕饼团贯穿起来，晾干后存放着，到立夏那天，将之油煎，给小孩吃，据说吃了以后不得疰夏病。

　　上海清明节时有吃青团的风俗。将雀麦草汁和糯米一起舂合，使青汁和米粉相互融合，然后包上豆沙、枣泥等馅料，用芦叶垫底，放到蒸笼内。蒸熟出笼的青团色泽鲜绿，香气扑鼻，是本地清明节最有特色的节令食品。上海也有的人家清明节爱吃桃花粥，在扫墓和家宴上爱用刀鱼。

　　在浙江湖州，清明节家家裹粽子，可作上坟的祭品，也可做踏青带的干粮。俗话说：“清明粽子稳牢牢。”清明前后，螺蛳肥壮。俗话说：“清明螺，赛只鹅。”农家有清明吃螺蛳的习惯，这天用针挑出螺蛳肉烹食，叫“挑青”。吃后将螺蛳壳扔到房顶上，据说屋瓦上发出的滚动声能吓跑老鼠，有利于清明后的养蚕。清明节这天，还要办社酒。同一宗祠的人家在一起聚餐。没有宗祠的人家，一般同一高祖下各房子孙们在一起聚餐。社酒的菜肴，荤以鱼肉为主，素以豆腐青菜为主，酒以家酿甜白酒为主。浙江桐乡河山镇有“清明大似年”的说法，清明夜重视全家团圆吃晚餐，饭桌上少不了这样几个传统菜：炒螺蛳、糯米嵌藕、发芽豆、马兰头等。这几样菜都跟养蚕有关。把吃剩的螺蛳壳往屋里抛，据说声音能吓跑老鼠，毛毛虫会钻进壳里做巢，不再出来骚扰蚕。吃藕是祝愿蚕宝宝吐的丝又长又好。吃发芽豆是博得“发家”的口彩。吃马兰头等时鲜蔬菜，是取其“青”字，以合“清明”之“青”。

　　英语翻译：

　　Swinging on a swing

　　This is the custom of Qingming Festival in ancient China. Swing, meaning to move by gripping a leather rope. Its history is very ancient, originally called Qianqiu. Later, to avoid taboos, it was changed to a swing. In ancient times, swings were often made from tree branches and tied with colored ribbons. Later, it gradually developed into a swing using two ropes and pedals. Swinging not only enhances health, but also cultivates a spirit of bravery, which is still loved by people, especially children.

　　Spring outing

　　Spring outing, also known as spring outing. In ancient times, it was called exploring spring, searching for spring, etc. April Qingming, spring returns to the earth, and the natural world presents a vibrant scene everywhere, making it a great time for outings.

　　Tree planting

　　Before and after the Qingming Festival, spring sunshine shines and spring rain falls. Planting seedlings has a high survival rate and grows quickly. Therefore, since ancient times, China has had the habit of planting trees during the Qingming Festival. Some people also call Qingming Festival "Arbor Day". The custom of planting trees has been passed down to this day.

　　The custom of planting trees during the Qingming Festival originated from the custom of wearing willows and ing them. There are three legends about wearing willows and ing them during the Qingming Festival. The oldest legend is said to commemorate the founder of farming and farming, the Shennong family, and later developed the meaning of praying for longevity. The later legend is related to the meson push. It is said that when Duke Wen of Jin led his courtiers to climb the mountain to pay tribute to Jie Zitui, he discovered that the old willow tree that Jie Zitui had relied on before his death had died and been resurrected. He then bestowed upon the old willow tree the name "Qingming Willow". A later legend is that Emperor Taizong of Tang gave his ministers Liu Quan as a blessing to drive away the epidemic.

　　Flying kites

　　Flying kites is also a popular activity during the Qingming Festival. During the Qingming Festival, people not only release it during the day, but also at night. At night, hanging a string of colorful small lanterns under a kite or on a wind stable cable, like twinkling stars, is called a "divine lamp". In the past, some people flew kites into the blue sky and cut the strings, allowing the breeze to send them to the ends of the earth. It is said that this can eliminate diseases and disasters, and bring good luck to themselves.

　　Tomb sweeping

　　Tomb sweeping during the Qingming Festival is known as the "respect for the times" towards ancestors, and its custom has a long history. The Ming Dynastys "Scenery of the Imperial Capital" records:

　　On the clear and bright day of March, men and women sweep tombs, carrying revered armpits and hanging bamboo ingots behind sedan chairs and horses, creating a charming and charming atmosphere. Those who worship, sprinkle, cry, and weed and add soil to the tomb burn bamboo ingots several times, and use paper money to place the tomb head. If there is no paper money in sight, the tomb will be lonely. After crying, they will not return. They will follow the fragrant tree, choose the garden, and sit in rows to get drunk. In fact, tomb sweeping existed before Qin, but it may not necessarily be during the Qingming Festival. Tomb sweeping during the Qingming Festival was a thing after Qin. It wasnt until the Tang Dynasty that it became popular. According to the "Qingtongli", "At the age of one, during the Cold Food and Frost Descent Festival, one pays respects to the tomb of Kuang, and at the end of the year, one dressed in simple attire to visit the tomb, equipped with wine, food, and tools for cutting grass and trees. The trees are sealed with calluses, and the thorns and grasses are cut off, hence the name" sweeping the tomb ", which has been passed down to this day.".

　　Dai Liu

　　During the Qingming Festival, there were those who wove willow branches into circles and wore them on their heads, those who scraped tender willow branches into flowers and ed them into their buns, and those who directly ed willow branches into their buns. According to Tian Ruchengs "Records of West Lake Tour" during the Ming Dynasty, during the Qingming Festival, "every household is adorned with willows, and the green silk is cute, which can be worn by both men and women.".

　　During the Qing Dynasty, wearing willows was used to ward off evil spirits in most parts of China, but in some places, there is a meaning of keeping track of the passage of time, as the saying goes, "During the Qingming Festival, if you dont wear willows, your red face will become a bright head.". This custom is a remnant of the Song Dynastys "cold food" coronation ceremony. In the Song Dynasty, the time for male and female adults to perform the coronation ceremony was uniformly set on the "Cold Food" Festival, regardless of the year and year of birth. "Officials and civilians, regardless of their big or small families, and their children who have not been crowned with hairpins, will go up on this day." ("Mengliang Lu") Wearing willows is the symbol of adulthood. Based on this, there has been a tradition of "chronicling the passage of time" in later generations, which has evolved into the custom of women wearing willow balls on their temples to pray for eternal beauty. Here, the green willows symbolize youth. When women wear willows in spring, it shows a sense of cherishing and longing for their youth.

　　During the Huangchao Uprising, it was stipulated that "during the Qingming Festival, wearing willows as the name" was also used.

　　Sheliu

　　Sheliu: This is also a fashionable and elegant activity. Tie a strand of red silk to the slender swaying willow branch, which is the target of the shot. Most of them are young men who ride horses and pull bows. From a hundred steps away, they shoot the willow twig with specially designed arrows that branch at the front. Before the willow twig lands, they fly horses to catch it. It is a sport that tests the true skills of equestrian archery.

　　Cock fighting

　　During the ancient Qingming Festival, cockfighting games were popular, starting from the Qingming Festival and continuing until the summer solstice. The earliest record of cockfighting in China can be found in the Zuo Zhuan. In the Tang Dynasty, cockfighting became popular, not only among the people but also among the emperor. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang was most fond of cockfighting.

　　Silkworm Flower Festival

　　"Silkworm Blossom Fair" is a unique folk culture in Silkworm Village. In the past, during the Tomb sweeping Day, wutong, Wuzhen, Chongfu, Zhouquan and other places had this folk activity. Among them, the silkworm flower festival at the Maming Temple in Zhouquan and the Shuangmiao Temple in Qingshi are the most spectacular and grand. The Maming Temple is located in the west of Zhouquan Town and is known as the "King of Temples" in the local area. Every year, there is a sea of people and frequent activities at the Silkworm Flower Festival, including welcoming the Silkworm God, shaking the fast boat, disturbing the Terrace Pavilion, worshipping incense stools, boxing, dragon lanterns, raising high poles, singing opera and other more than ten activities. Some of these activities are conducted on shore, while the vast majority are carried out on boats, which is highly characteristic of water towns.

　　Seasonal food

　　Due to the integration of Cold Food Festival and Qingming Festival, some places still maintain the habit of eating cold food during Qingming Festival. In Shandong, Jimo eats eggs and cold cakes, while Laiyang, Zhaoyuan, and Changdao eat eggs and cold sorghum rice. It is said that if not, they will be hit by hail. Taian eats cold pancakes and rolls of raw bitter vegetables, and it is said that they have bright eyes. The Jinzhong area still retains the custom of banning fires on the day before the Qingming Festival.

　　Many places divide the sacrificial food after completing the ritual. During the Qingming Festival in southern Shanxi, people used to steam large steamed buns with white flour, sandwiched with walnuts, dates, and beans. The outer part was coiled in the shape of a dragon, and an egg was tied in the middle of the dragons body, which was called "Zifu". To steam a large total of "Zi Fu", symbolizing family reunion and happiness. When going to the grave, offer the total "Zifu" to the ancestral spirit, and after the tomb sweeping is completed, the whole family will share it. In the old customs of Shanghai, willow sticks are used to thread through the steamed cake balls used for worship, which are dried and stored. On the day of the beginning of summer, they are fried in oil and given to children to eat. It is said that after eating them, they must not prevent summer sickness.

　　There is a custom of eating Qingtuan during the Qingming Festival in Shanghai. Chong the bromegrass juice and glutinous rice together to make the green juice and Rice noodles blend together, then pack the bean paste, jujube paste and other fillings, use reed leaves as the base, and put them into the steamer. The steamed green balls have a bright green color and a fragrant aroma, making them the most distinctive seasonal food of the local Qingming Festival. Some people in Shanghai also like to eat peach blossom Congee on Tomb Sweeping Day and use swordfish at tomb sweeping and family dinners.

　　In Huzhou, Zhejiang, Zongzi is wrapped in every family during the Tomb Sweeping Day, which can be used as a sacrifice to the grave or as a dry food for the outing belt. As the saying goes, "Zongzi is stable and firm during the Qingming Festival." Before and after the Qingming Festival, the snails are fat and strong. As the saying goes, "On the Qingming Festival, snails compete with geese." Farmers have a habit of eating snails during the Qingming Festival. On this day, they use needles to pick out the meat of snails and cook it, which is called "picking green". After eating, throw the snail shell onto the roof. It is said that the rolling sound on the roof tiles can scare away mice, which is beneficial for raising silkworms after the Qingming Festival. On Qingming Festival, we also have to hold a social drink. Families from the same ancestral temple gather together for a meal. Families without ancestral temples usually gather together for meals with their grandchildren from different houses under the same ancestor. The dishes of the club liquor are mainly fish and meat, tofu and vegetables, and home brewed sweet Baijiu. There is a saying in Heshan Town, Tongxiang, Zhejiang that "Qingming is like a year". On Qingming Night, family reunion and dinner are emphasized, and traditional dishes such as stir fried snail, glutinous rice embedded with lotus root, sprouted beans, and Malantou are indispensable at the dinner table. These dishes are all related to sericulture. Throw the leftover snail shells into the house. It is said that the sound can scare away mice, and caterpillars will burrow into the shells to make nests and no longer come out to harass silkworms. Eating lotus roots is a wish for silkworms to spit out long and good silk. Eating sprouted beans is a way to make a fortune. Eating fresh vegetables such as Malan is done by taking the word "green" to combine with the "green" of "Qingming".

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